Acknowledgement
The power of God is with you at all times, through the
activities of mind, sense, breathing and emotions and is constantly doing all
the working
(SHREEMAD BHAGAVADGITA)
It is the great pleasure and dep satisfaction to
express por gratitude of Gad almighty for the successful completion of my
dissertation thesis work. Above all we are grateful to the management of Marwar
Muslim Education & Welfare Society for providing as an opportunity to
undertake this study.
We express our heartfelt gratitude to Principal, Prof.
Jitendra Khatri, Mai Khadija Institute of Nursing Sciences, Jodhpur, for all
the educational facilities and opportunities that have been availed from the
institute for the successful completion of our study.
We express our heartfelt gratitude to Vice principal
Mr. Sushil Choudhary, Asst. Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing
for his continued guidance and for keeping us focused with enabled us to complete
This task We grateful extend our thanks to Mrs. Sunita
Choudhary, Asst. Professor, Department of Community health Nursing for his
continued guidance and for keeping us focused with enabled us to complete this
task.
We grateful extend our thanks to all Mrs. Kausalya
Balai, Mrs. Anu Sabari, Mrs. Sukhveerpal kaur and Mr. Rizwan Ali for their
expert guidance and effort to validate our tools in time bound manner.
We also extend our thanks to all faculties including
non-teaching faculties of Mai Khadija B.Sc. Nursing College, Jodhpur, for their
cooperation throughout the study,
Our sincerely thanks go to all our classmates and
friends for being throughout the study.
Once again, we express our heartfelt gratitude to each
and every one who was associated with this Research project.
Place: Jodhpur
Date:
Mr.
Arjun Kumar, Ms. Farida, Ms. Sonali Charan, Ms. Shilpa Choudhary, Ms. Bhagwati
Kanwariya, Mrs. Meenakshi Deora, Mr. Jakeer Khan, Mr. Moh.Bilal
INTRODUCTION
“learning
is the being of wealth learning is the being of help learning is the meaning of
spiritually”
Research
and learning are where the medical process all beings jim rohm polycystic
ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the
age between 15 to 45. It affects approximately 5% to 10% of this age group. It
is one the leading endocrine disease and which affects one in 15 women
worldwide. The incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adults and is
estimated to between 11 and 16% and about 50% are overweight polycystic ovarian
syndrome polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common reproductive
endocrinological disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestation
affecting about 60% of women of reproductive age. Diagnosis criteria include the
presence of androgen excess oligomenorrhea and evidence of polycystic ovarian
on usg
Polycystic
ovarian syndrome emerged as a lifelong metabolic disorder with evidence of
increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The
term polycystic ovarian disease was first described by Irving stein and Michael
Leventhal as the triad of amenorrhea obesity as hirsutism in 1935 when they
observed the relation between obesity and reproductive disorder. it is hence
also known as the stein Leventhal syndrome or hyper ovulation is the most
common endocrine ovarian disorder affecting approximately 5 to 10% women at
reproductive.
Polycystic
ovarian syndrome is an important endocrine problem among adolescent girls. This
leads to various women reproductive age defects and insulin resistance.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogeneous
disorder that is defined by a combination of signs and symptoms of androgen
excess and ovarian dysfunction with the clinical oligomenorrhea subfertility
hirsutism and acne. Effects premenopausal women and the age of onset is most
often premenarchal. Associated with clinical social and psychological problems
Polycystic
ovarian syndrome is type of hormonal imbalance or cystic disorder that affects
the ovary. This hypothalamic pituitary and ovarian network or art resulting in
chronic an ovulation. The cause of the polycystic ovarian syndrome can either
be directed or in directed as that does not exact causes of polycystic ovarian
syndrome. Which is commonly referred factor include genes insulin resistant
inflammation obesity many genes contribute to the condition.
Insulin is
a hormone the pancreas produces the help body use sugar from food for energy.
When cells can’t use insulin properly the body demand for insulin increases.
Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance both obesity and insulin
resistance can increase the polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Need for study
Adolescents
from a large section of population of Indian about 5-10%. Adolescent girl has
to be focused more as it is a period of rapid growth sexual physiological and
psychological change. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is common health problem
which increase among adolescent girls as young women during their reproductive
age. It is a problem in which a woman is hormones are out of balance leading a
menstrual disturbed as well as multiple abnormal cysts in enlarged ovaries, so
that do not produce the normal number of eggs a normal ovulation which leads to
difficulty of getting pregnant. It is not treated over time it can lead to
serious health problem such as diabetes and heart disease.
According
to study of polycystic ovarian syndrome society, by one every 15 women in India
has polycystic ovarian syndrome a common endodermal disorder among women of
reproductive age out ab every 15 women diagnosed with polycystic ovarian
syndrome teenage girl. A study conducted by the
department of endocrinology and metabolism aims, shows that about 20-25% of
Indian women of child bearing age are suffering from polycystic ovarian
syndrome. While 60% of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome are obese, 35-50%
fatty liver, 70% insulin resistance have high levels of androgen and 40+60%
glucose tolerance.
Comprehensive community-based study among adolescent girls (15-20 year)
done to find out the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome and they were
undernourished (37.6%) normal with (51.2%) overweight 8.6 % and obese is 2.6 %
lack of awareness and lifestyle change are considered to be the major factor
leading to this phenomenon.
Reproductive study done in thirty preadolescent and adolescent and girl
to study the age at diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome and to compare
risk factor involve increasing polycystic ovarian syndrome highlighted that
polycystic ovarian syndrome may occur at young age in girls who developed early
pubarche the thelarche therefore the diagnosis and work of should be considered
in young girl with risk factor suggestion of polycystic ovarian syndrome. U.S. scientists reported that the prevalence of polycystic
ovarian syndrome may be as high as years.
Among this 11.2% of girls of reproductive age among the group, adolescent
girls’ makeup large part, perhaps as high as 50% of young girls suffer from polycystic
ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovarian
syndrome is the most common endocrinologic disorders during adolescent so, there
is always a need to investigate all new relevant data. Early recognition and
prompt treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. In adolescents is important to
prevent long term complications from all the above studies.
The researcher found that adolescent girls have to obtain adequate
knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome because they are future mothers
and they are the one to make the new generation. Lack of
knowledge and the negative lifestyle attitude towards polycystic ovarian
disease among girls school and not taking any measures to improve their
lifestyles is observed by the investor that these schoolgirls can be helped by
assessing knowledge and with a view to change their lifestyle by providing
necessary information.
Hence the researcher felt they needed to educate the Selected Senior
Secondary School girl regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome to promote
knowledge scores.
Statement of the problem
"A STUDY TO ASSESS
THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING POLYCYSCYTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG THE ADOLESCENE
GIRLS STUDYING IN SELECTED SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL AT JODHPUR WITH A VIEW TO
DEVELOP AN INFORMATION BOOKLET".
Objective of the study
- To
assess the level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among
adolescent girls.
- To
find out the association between level of knowledge regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome with socio demography variable among adolescent girls.
- To
develop information booklet on polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Operational definition:
-
Assess: -
Evaluate the level of
knowledge among adolescent girls of selected school regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome after information education and communication through booklet.
Knowledge: -
It refers to the
response of adolescent girls regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome by multiple
choice questionaries in term knowledge score.
Polycystic ovarian
syndrome: -
It
refers to the hormonal imbalance which causes irregular menstrual periods
obesity unwanted or excess hair growth, acne.
Adolescent girl: -
Girl with age growth of 18 to 20 years
or studying in senior secondary school of science at Jodhpur.
Assumption: -
Adolescent girls of Selected Senior Secondary School, have limited
knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome
Hypothesis: -
On the basis of objective and assumption the following research
hypothesis has been formulated.
H1: - There will be
significant association between the level of knowledge regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome among adolescent girl with the selected socio demographic
variables.
Delimitation: -
The study was limited to adolescent girls in selected senior secondary
school of Jodhpur.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A literature review is an account of
what has been already establish or published on a particular research topic by
accredited schooler & researcher.
(University
of Toronto 2001)
Relevant literature related to the
polycystic ovarian syndrome has been viewed and compiled under the following
headings:
(Ⅰ)
Literature related to the polycystic ovarian syndrome
(Ⅱ)
Literature related to the knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome.
(Ⅰ).
Literature related to the polycystic ovarian syndrome
Raza o Ibrahim (2020) conducted a study to evaluate the
correlation between hormonal disturbance in polycystic ovarian syndrome women
and serum level of kisspeptin. Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that regulates the GnRH
secretions furthermore, it investigates the effect of obesity and age on
circulating kisspeptin levels in both normal and polycystic ovarian syndrome
women. 100 women (60 are with polycystic ovarian syndrome and 40 are normal)
were enrolled in the study. Blood samples are obtained twice during the
menstrual cycle. Results show kisspeptin levels are higher in polycystic
ovarian syndrome patients than those in the normal groups. In healthy women,
preovulatory kisspeptin levels were higher than follicular kisspeptin level
(p<0.05), while this difference was insignificant in polycystic ovarian
syndrome patients. In normal women serum kisspeptin levels were higher in women
>35 year than <24 year. The effect of BMI on serum kisspeptin level
insignificant and kisspeptin level increase with age.
Roya Rozati (2018-2020) Conducted a study on polycystic
ovarian syndrome patients in the [state of Telangana between 2018 & 2020] a
randomized multi- stage stratified sampling method was adopted. Polycystic
ovarian syndrome screening was based on questionnaires.
Blood samples for normal analysis
were collected from those with probable & definitive polycystic ovarian
syndrome cases.in total,688 patients were screened for polycystic ovarian
syndrome, 573 patients were enrolled of which 281 were from urban and 292 were
from rural area. The overall count of probable cases was 45, known polycystic
ovarian syndrome were 27 & control were 153, 348 patients were not
included.
The prevalence of polycystic ovarian
syndrome in urban & rural of Telangana are 6.5-6.8% the polycystic ovarian
syndrome phenotypes were (8%) clinical ha (hirsutism), alopecia (7%),
acanthosis (3%) acne (6%) Usg (35%). Biochemical assessment done is 55% in
urban &45% in rural areas. Hyperinsulinemia was observed in probable cases
compared to the controls.
Fauzia Tabassum (2017-18) Conducted a study to assess
polycystic ovarian syndrome on quality of life of women in correlation to age,
basal metabolic index, education and marriage. This prospective case-control
study was conducted among 100 polycystic ovarian syndrome and 200 healthy
control cases attending tertiary care setup of AIIMS, Patna during 2017 and
2018. Pre-validated questionnaires like short form helps query health
surveys-36 were used for evaluating impact of polycystic ovarian syndrome in
women. Multivariate analysis was applied for statistical analysis and was
applied for statistical analysis. In polycystic ovarian syndrome cases
socio-economic status was comparable in comparison to healthy control. But
polycystic ovarian syndrome cases significantly decrease health related to
quality of life. The higher the age of menarche, irregular/delayed menstrual
history, absence of child, were significantly altered the polycystic ovarian
syndrome cases than control. Number of children, frequency of pregnancy and
miscarriage were also observed higher in polycystic ovarian syndrome cases.
Jinling liu (2017) Conducted a study for measuring the
global disease burden of polycystic ovary syndrome in 194 countries. Slight increase
in age standardized incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome & associated
disability- adjusted life- years(days) were evidenced among women of
reproductive age (15-9year) from 2007-2017 at the global level.
Globally, women of reproductive age
accounted for 1.55 million incident cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome and
0.43 million associated. The global age-standardized polycystic ovarian
syndrome incidence rate among women of reproductive age increased to 82.44 per
100000 population in 2017, representing an increase of 1.45% from 2007-2017.
The rate of days increased to 1.26from 2007-2017. The greatest increase in the
age-standardized polycystic ovarian syndrome incidence was observed in
middle-sdi & high-middle-sdi regions. The highest incidence was observed in
Andean Latin America. At the national level, Ecuador, Japan & Bermuda had
the highest age standardized polycystic ovarian syndrome incidence in 2017.
Nitin Joseph, Aditya G.R. Reddy, et
al (2016), Conducted
a cross sectional study to assess the polycystic ovarian syndrome among 480
participants in Mangalore city in Karnataka state. The study revealed that 39
were already diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome, 40 were at high risk
and 401 were at low risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome. The study concluded
that polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common disorder among young women in this
setting and this warrants screening activities.
Beena Joshi, Srabani Mukherjee, et al
(2014) Conducted
a cross sectional study to assess the polycystic ovarian syndrome among 778
adolescents and young girls aged 15-24 years in Mumbai. The study revealed that
there is no community-based prevalence data available for this syndrome. The
study concluded that polycystic ovarian syndrome is an emerging disorder during
adolescent and screening could provide an opportunity to target the group for
promoting healthy lifestyle and early interventions to prevent polycystic
ovarian syndrome.
Swetha Balaji (2013) Conducted a research study to
determine urban & rural differences in the burden of polycystic ovarian
syndrome among adolescent girls. Cross sectional study conducted for a period
of one mount hat Balaji hospital, velar, Tamil nandu. The final sample included
126 study participants where information was gathered on sociodemographic &
anthropometric characteristics, clinical history, occurrence of acne &
hirsutism serum testosterone levels & menstrual & dietary history.
Result shows 18% of participants were confirmed of having polycystic ovarian
syndrome by recent guidelines of Rotterdam consensus for adolescent diagnosis
of polycystic ovarian syndrome the proportion of participants diagnosed with polycystic
ovarian syndrome was higher among urban participants in comparison to rural
participants.
(Ⅱ) Literature related to the knowledge
regarding the polycystic ovarian syndrome
Siliqua shear (2020) conducted a research study to assess
the knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among nursing students. At
rufiyaa college of nursing, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. A total of 60
nursing students studying in BSc nursing 4th year and Gnm 3rd year participated
in the study. The findings show that the majority of nursing students 60% have
average knowledge 38.33% have good knowledge and 1.66% have poor knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. The finding of the study indicates that
the majority of the nursing students had average knowledge regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome.
R. Shashikala, Deepa Shanmugam et al
(27 Aug. 2020)
conducted a study to assess knowledge and awareness on polycystic ovarian
syndrome among nursing students in a territory center at Aravind eye hospital
Pondicherry, India. Around 88 students parts participate in the study. The
majority of students 89.8% claimed polycystic ovarian syndrome to be the most
common endocrinological problem. 83 students were aware of obesity as a risk
factor. 60 students (70%) were aware of metabolic syndrome and 60 students
(68.18%) were aware of the risk of endometrial cancer. The finding of the study
shows students have good knowledge regarding the risk factor associated with a polycystic
ovarian syndrome
Nancy Chandra Priya P., Shwetha M.N. (2019) Conducted
a study at St. Martha’s college of nursing, Bengaluru among 60
young female adults. The study findings revealed that 38.4% have adequate
knowledge, 48.3% have moderate knowledge and 13.3% have inadequate knowledge
regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. The data analysis regarding the association
between knowledge score with selected baseline variables revealed that there is
no association between knowledge score with selected baseline variables such as
age, religion, regularity of menstrual cycle, and sources of information.
M.D.
Santhi, Manjula, et al (2017) Conducted a study at Sri Gokulam college
nursing, Salem, The descriptive research design was used to select 44 girls of
nursing students through non-probability convenient sampling technique the data
were analyzed by using descriptive & inferential statistics. The majority
of the nursing students 37(84.09%) had moderately adequate knowledge. The
overall mean score was 14.2±3.173; the mean percentage was 46.6%. There
was no significant association found between the level of knowledge on polycystic
ovarian syndrome among nursing students with their demographic variables.
Anjana
Devi (2017) Conducted a study to assess the knowledge regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls using a quantitative approach in
(Kammavar college of art and science at Theni). 60 adolescent girls were
selected using non-probability convenient sampling. In the pertest most of the
girls 52 (86.7) % had inadequate knowledge, 8 had moderate knowledge, no one
had adequate knowledge in the pre-test. After giving education or teaching
post-test is conducted. In the post-test majority of girls had adequate
knowledge, moderate knowledge was observed 11.7% from girls and only 1.7 had
inadequate knowledge.
Ms. Khushboo Brar,
Mrs. Tarundeep Kaur, (2016) Conducted a study on a
structured knowledge questionnaire was administered to adolescent girls to
assess the level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. The
study site was selected schools of district Mohali,
200 adolescent girls were taken as samples from the schools of Mohali. The
results show that the majority of girls 123 (61.5%) had fair knowledge and a minority
of girls i.e., 1 (0.5%) had an excellent level of knowledge. Only 35 (17.5%)
girls had a good level of knowledge. The mean score was 8.0 with a standard
deviation of 2.7 and the median was 8.0 with a minimum score of 3.0 and a maximum
score of 16.0.
Sunanda b, Savita Nayak (26 July
2016).
The study was conducted on 150 BSc nursing students to assess the knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome students above 18 years of age were
included in this study. The level of knowledge was categorized into poor
(13.3%) average (76%) and good (10.7%). The finding of the study shows that the
majority of students 114 had average knowledge. The distribution of the sample
on demographic characteristics revealed that 85% of the sample were in the age
group of 21 to 25 years. 75% of sample word Christian, 82% of the sample were
consuming mixed diet and 92% of the sample had a regular menstrual cycle, hence
the study concluded that source of information, consumption of junk food,
dietary pattern of the students was associated with their level of knowledge on
polycystic ovarian syndrome at 5% level of significance.
Research methodology is a way to
systematically solve the research problems. It may be understand as science of
study how research is done scientifically.
(Kothari,
C.R., 2004)
It includes description of research
approach, research design, variables, setting of the study population criteria
for selection of sample, sample size, sampling techniques instruments, data
collection, data analyses. This also describe the pilot study.
Research approach
A research approach tells us what
data to be collected and how to analyse it. it also suggests possible
conclusion to be drawn from data. in view of the nature of problem selected for
the present study and the objective to be accomplished a quantitative research
approach was considered.
Research
Design
"A
research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of
data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with
economy in procedure."
(Kothari, CR. 2008)
The
research design is an explicit blue print for the research activities to he
carried out. Research design focuses on the basic strategy of the researcher
that adopts to develop information which is accurate and interpretable.
In
the present study non-experimental descriptive research design was chosen for
assessing the knowledge regarding the polycystic ovarian syndrome among
adolescent girls in selection selected school of Jodhpur.
Variables
Variable is an attribute of a person
or an object that varies, that is taken on different values. Two types of
variables were identified in this study. These are research variables and
demographic variables.
Demographic variables
In this study demographic variables
include such as age, family type, previous knowledge
Research variables
In this study the research variables
are the knowledge level of adolescent girls regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome in selected senior secondary school at jodhpur.
Research setting
The
setting is the location where a study is conducted. This study has been
conducted at selected school of Jodhpur. The selection of area was done on the
basis of Feasibility of conducting study: Availability of sample for collection
of samples researcher purposefully selected the Firoz khan memorial school,
where the samples are available.
Population
"Population
refers to the aggregate or totality of all the objects, subjects or members
that confirm to a set of specifications"
In
the present study the population of Adolescents of selected school of Jodhpur
Sample and sample size
Sample consist of a short unit which
compare the population selected by investigator or researcher to participate in
their research project.
The sample of the study is 30 adults
and girls between age group of 15 to 20 years studying in selected senior
secondary school at Jodhpur
Sample technique
"Sampling
refers to the process of selecting a portion of population to represent the
entire population."
In
the present study, the simple random sampling technique was used to select the
sample because of the limited amount of time and availability of subjects
according to the sampling criteria.
Sample
criteria: -
The
sample frame structured by the researcher include the following criteria
Inclusion criteria
Adolescent girls who are aged between
15 to 20 year.
Adolescent girls who are willing to
participate in this study.
Adolescent and girl who are present
during the time of data collection.
Exclusion criteria
The study is delimited to selected
school at jodhpur.
The study is delimited to adolescent
girl.
Student who are not willing to
participate in the study.
Students who are not available during
the time of data collection.
Development of tool
"Data
collection tool are the procedure and instrument used by the researcher to
observe or measure the key variable in the research problem." (Polit &
Hungler, 1999)
The structured multiple-choice
questionaries were developed to assess the girls of knowledge regarding
polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Pre-preparation of blue print
A blue print was prepared prior to
the construction of structured questionnaire is based on which the item was
developed. This blue print as prepared to ensure that data collection method
use will yield accurate and complete data to answer research questions or test
hypothesis.
The following steps were carried out
for preparing the tool: -
1. Review
of selected literature.
2. Preparation
of blue print.
3. Based
on expert opinion.
4. Investigators
personal experience.
5. Valuation
of tool or data collection method.
Description of the tool
Section 1st
It contains data related to
demographic variable of adolescent girls such as age, family type, dietary
pattern, menstrual cycle, previous knowledge.
Section 2nd
It consists structured multiple
choice knowledge questionnaire regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among
adolescent girls. Which include 25 multiple-choice questions to assess
knowledge regarding anatomy and function of ovary, risk factor, sign and
symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention od polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Scoring procedure
Each correct answer carried out ‘1’
mark and wrong answer carried out ‘0’ mark. The total maximum score 25 and
minimum score was zero. The knowledge level is arbitrarily divided into 3
categories based on girls’ score.
In the structured questionnaire is
the
Score level of knowledge
0 to 12 Inadequate knowledge
13 to 20 Moderate
less adequate knowledge
21 to 25 Adequate knowledge
Content validity
Content validity refers to the extent
to which the item on a test is fairly representative of the entire domain the
test seeks to measure.
The content validity of the tool was
evaluated by five nursing export and based on their suggestions, all
modification were carried out accordingly on the clarity of the sentence and
relation of content.
Data collection procedure
Prior to collection data permission
was obtained from principal of my institute of nursing science jodhpur Rajasthan
and the permission was obtained from the principal of selected senior secondary
school jodhpur. For collecting the data from adolescent girls. 30 adolescent
girls were included in the study. As decided, the data collection procedure was
done on 16-12-21. Total 30 girl or arranged in classroom and consent was
obtained from all of them structured knowledge questionnaire was distributed to
all participants that took 15 to 20 minutes for answering it
Plan for data analysis
The data obtained analysed in terms
of the objective of main study using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Analysed data were presented in the form of table and graph.
The step of and analysis
1. The data organised in the mater
sheet
2. Socio-demographic data would be
analysed by using descriptive statics that is frequency and percentage
3. Mean and SD for knowledge score
4. Association would be done by chi
square test
Summary
This chapter has dealt with research
approach, research design, variable setting of study, population, sample,
sample size, development of the tool data collection, content validity,
reliability of the tool, procedure of data collection and plan for data
analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Analysis is a
detailed examination of the elements of structure of something in research,
analysis means commutation of certain measures along with searching for
patterns of relationship that exist among data group
This chapter deals
with the analysis and the interpretation of data obtained student from 30
student with the help of self-administered structured questionnaires to assess
knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome with information booklet
The objectives of the study were
- To
assess the level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among
adolescent girls.
- To
find out the association between level of knowledge regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome with socio demography variable among adolescent girls.
- To
develop information booklet on polycystic ovarian syndrome.
The study attempted to test the
following hypothesis:
H: There will be significant association between the level of knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girl with the selected
socio demographic variables.
Descriptive and
inferential statistics were used to analyse the data that was collected. The
findings of data has been finalized and organized in accordance with the plan
for data analysis. These are presented under the following sections.
Section Ⅰ
Demographic profile
of students
Section Ⅱ
Knowledge of
students regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome with information booklet
Section-Ⅲ
Association of the
knowledge scores of students selected demographic variables.
Section-1 demographic profile of selected senior secondary
school girls
Table
1: - Distribution of selected senior secondary school girls by their age
N=30
|
Age in year |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
(a) 15-16
years |
5 |
16.66% |
|
(b) 17-18
years |
15 |
50% |
|
(c) 19-20
years |
7 |
23.33% |
|
(d) Above
20 years |
3 |
10.01% |
|
Total |
30 |
100% |
Figure
1: percentage distribution of selected senior secondary school girls by their
age.
Table
2: - Distribution of selected senior secondary school girls their family type.
N=30
|
2.
Family type |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
(a)
Nuclear
family |
16 |
53.33% |
|
(b) Joint family |
14 |
46.66% |
|
Total |
30 |
100% |
Table 2: Reveals that the majority
53.33% of selected senior secondary school girls were from nuclear family and
remaining 46.66% were from joint family.
Figure
2: - percentage distribution of selected senior secondary school girls by their
family type.
Table 3: - Distribution of selected
senior secondary school girls their dietary pattern.
N=30
|
3. Dietary pattern |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
(A)
Vegetarian |
16 |
53.33% |
|
(B)
Non-
vegetarian |
14 |
46.66% |
|
Total |
30 |
100% |
Table
3: Depicts that majority 53.33% of the selected senior secondary school girls
were vegetarian followed by 46.33% were non- vegetarian.
Figure 3: Percentage distribution of selected
senior secondary school girls by their dietary pattern.
Table 4: - Distribution of selected
senior secondary school girls their menstrual cycle.
N=30
|
1.
Menstrual
cycle |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
(a)
Regular |
27 |
90.0% |
|
(b)
Irregular |
3 |
10.0% |
|
Total |
30 |
100% |
Figure
4: Percentage distribution of selected senior secondary school girls by their
knowledge of menstrual cycle.
Table 5: - Distribution of selected senior
secondary school girls regarding previous knowledge.
N=30
|
Previous
knowledge |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
(A)
Yes |
12 |
40.0% |
|
(B)
no |
18 |
60.0% |
|
Total |
30 |
100% |
Table
5 Reveals that the majority 60.0% of selected senior secondary school girls
were having inadequate previous knowledge and remaining 40.0% having adequate
knowledge.
Figure 5: Percentage distribution of selected
senior secondary school girls by their previous knowledge.
Table
6: - Knowledge of students regarding poly cystic ovarian syndrome N=30
|
Knowledge
level |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
a.
Inadequate
knowledge |
18 |
60% |
|
b.
Moderate
knowledge |
9 |
30% |
|
c.
Adequate
knowledge |
3 |
10% |
|
Total |
30 |
100% |
Figure 6: - Knowledge level of
students
Table 7: - Mean, mean percentage and
standard deviation for assess knowledge of students
|
Sr.
No. |
Knowledge Aspects |
No.
Of items |
Max
score |
Mean |
Mean% |
Median |
SD |
|
1 |
Definition,
causes, risk factor and sign and symptoms |
14 |
11 |
6.928 |
49.4% |
12.75 |
0.469 |
|
2 |
Diagnosis,
prevention and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome |
11 |
7 |
5.36 |
48.72% |
13.75 |
1.07 |
|
3 |
Overall |
25 |
18 |
12.28 |
98.12% |
26.50 |
1.53 |
Figure 7: - Mean percentage of
knowledge score of students
Table 8: - Association between the level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome and
selected demographic variables
|
Demographic variables |
Level of knowledge |
Chi-square |
D.f. |
P value |
Inference |
||
|
Inadequate |
Moderate |
Adequate |
|||||
|
1. Age in years: - |
|||||||
|
A. 15-16 years |
3 |
2 |
0 |
6.89 |
6 |
12.5 |
Ns |
|
B. 17-18 years |
10 |
4 |
1 |
||||
|
C. 18-19 years |
3 |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
D. Above 20 years |
2 |
1 |
0 |
||||
|
2. Type of family: - |
|||||||
|
A. Joint family |
10 |
5 |
1 |
0.594 |
2 |
5.97 |
Ns |
|
B. Nuclear family |
8 |
4 |
2 |
||||
|
3. Dietary pattern |
|||||||
|
A. Vegetarian |
9 |
6 |
1 |
1.94 |
2 |
5.09 |
Ns |
|
B. Non-vegetarian |
9 |
3 |
2 |
||||
|
4. Menstrual cycle |
|||||||
|
A. Regular cycle |
8 |
9 |
10 |
0.5 |
2 |
5.99 |
Ns |
|
B. Irregular cycle |
1 |
1 |
1 |
||||
|
5. Previous-knowledge |
|||||||
|
A. Yes |
9 |
2 |
1 |
1.71 |
2 |
5.09 |
Ns |
|
B. No |
9 |
7 |
2 |
||||
The table 8 shows X2 value computed between the knowledge
level of students on polycystic ovarian syndrome and selected demographic
variables. Variables such as age, family type, dietary pattern, menstrual cycle
and previous knowledge were non-significant at 6.89 levels. Therefore, the
hypothesis stated that there is non-significant association between knowledge
of students regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome and demographic variables.
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND
LIMITATION,
This chapter deals with
discussion, conclusion, summary, recommendations, implications with clinical
practice and limitations.
Discussion
In discussion, major findings of the
study are discussed with the objectives, hypothesis, and review of literature
of the similar study
The findings of study are discussed under following headings.
Section-1: Distribution of the sample characteristics according to socio
demographic variables.
Section-2: analysis of the level of knowledge on polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Section-3: association between level of knowledge and demographic
variables.
Section-1: Distribution of the sample characteristics according to socio
demographic variables
§ All the adolescents
were females (100%)
§ Majority 50% were ages
17-18 years, following by 23.33% were 19-20 years 16.66% were aged 15-16years
of them were above 20 years 10%.
§ Majority 53.33% of
adolescent girls were joint family and remaining 46.66% few nuclear families.
§ Majority 53.33%of adolescent’s
girls have vegetarian remaining 46.66% of the non-vegetarian.
§ Majority 90% of
regular menstrual cycle remaining 10% is irregularities of menstrual cycle.
Section-2: analysis of the level of knowledge on polycystic
ovarian syndrome
Majority 60% have good knowledge, followed by 30% had average knowledge
and 10% had poor knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome
The mean knowledge score of all (30) samples was 12.28 with SD ±1.53.
Section-3: Association between level of knowledge and demographic
variables
Association between level of knowledge and demographic Variables such as
age, family type, dietary pattern, menstrual cycle and previous knowledge were
non-significant at the P ≤ 5.99 levels.
Conclusion
This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of adolescent’s girls
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. A descriptive non-experimental design
was used by taking 30 samples through simple random sampling technique at
selected senior secondary school, jodhpur. The data was collected by using
structured knowledge questionnaire. The data was developed and interpreted by
using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objectives.
Based on the study results, the following conclusion were made
The study shows that the 60% of adolescent’s girls had poor knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. • variables such as age, family type,
dietary pattern, menstrual cycle and previous knowledge were non-significant
at-5.99 levels variables. Therefore, the hypothesis stated there is a
non-significant knowledge of adolescent’s girls regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome
Summary
This chapter deals with the summary of the study and its major findings
and conclusion. The primary aim of the study was intended to assess the
knowledge of adolescent’s girls regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome.
The present study was aimed to achieve the following objectives:
- To assess the level of
knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls.
- To find out the
association between level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome with socio demography variable among adolescent girls.
- To develop information
booklet on polycystic ovarian syndrome.
The study attempted to test the following
hypothesis:
There will be a non-significant knowledge of adolescent’s girls
non-significant with their selected section-demographic variables as measured
by chi-square. (p value at 5.99 levels)
A structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of
adolescent’s girls was developed information booklet experts for content
validity.
The tool for data collection has been classified into two sections i.e.,
section-1, and section- ii
Section -a:
It consists 05 items on demographic characteristics of adolescents girls
like age, family type, dietary pattern, menstrual cycle and previous knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Section - b:
Structured knowledge questionnaire which consists of 25 items regarding
polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Content validity of tool was obtained on the basis of expert judgment on
appropriate item in the tool. Reliability of the tool was established by using
chi squares formula.
The collected data were analysed under three sections - percentage
analysis mean analysis, median analysis, standard deviation, and inferential
statistics such as chi square test.
Major findings
The major findings of the study are as follows: findings related to
socio demographic profile of adolescent’s girls.
·
Majority 60% of the adolescent’s girls aged
17-18 years, followed by 23.33% were 19-20 years, 16.66% were age 15-16 years,
remaining 10% of them were above 20 years.
·
Majority 53.33% of adolescent’s girls were
joint family and remaining 46.66% were nuclear family.
·
Majority 50.33% of adolescent’s girls were
vegetarian, followed by 46.66% of adolescent’s girls were non-vegetarian.
·
Majority
90% of adolescent’s girls have regular menstrual cycle remain 10% of the
adolescent’s girls’ irregular menstrual cycle.
·
Majority 60% of adolescent’s girls unknown of
previous knowledge remain 40% non above polycystic ovarian syndrome
Findings related to knowledge of adolescent’s girls regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome (60%) of the students had inadequate knowledge regarding
polycystic ovarian syndrome followed by 30%% of sample has moderate knowledge
and 10.1%% had adequate knowledge.
Findings related to the association of the knowledge levels of
adolescent’s girls with the selected demographic variables.
It was evident that there is a statistically non-significant the
knowledge levels with the selected demographic variables such as age. Family
type, dietary pattern, menstrual cycle at 5.99 levels. Therefore, the
hypothesis stated there is none significant the knowledge adolescents’ girls
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome
Nursing implication
the present study has implications in the field of nursing
administration, nursing education, nursing practice, and nursing research.
nursing administration
nursing is a major component of the healthcare delivery system and nurses
make up the longest employed group within the system. Nursing services are
necessary for virtually every student seeking knowledge about polycystic ovarian
syndrome. delivery of nursing service is tied to other components of healthcare
delivery system the nurse needs to conduct education through the mass media on
polycystic ovarian syndrome. planning and organising of such programmes
Requires efficient teamwork, planning for men, money and material for
successful education program. there should be necessary health education
materials and administrative support provided to conduct health education
program
nursing education
with changing healthcare trend
nursing conclusion must empathise primary health care approach focusing on
prevention than cure and promotion of health. nursing education empowers the
prospective nurse to be well prepared to assist client and community at large
to develop self-care potentials. the nurse educator has responsibility to
update the knowledge of adolescent girls on polycystic ovarian syndrome. the
findings of the study can serve guideline for nurse educators for planning and
conducting education programmes for the adolescent girls. the curriculum is a measure
for motivating the adolescent girls to assess the knowledge on polycystic
ovarian syndrome.
Nursing practice
The nurse plays an important role in the healthcare delivery system in
all level prevention, promotion and treatment. the nurse can visit to hospital
and community to recognise any problems of the people. measures should be taken
by nurses to motivate health personnel to maintain healthy environment and in
and around the community. the study findings implicate that there is a need to
educational programme to create awareness among adolescents girls regarding
polycystic ovarian syndrome
Nursing research
in nursing there is scarce literature and research done on assess
knowledge of adolescent girls regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. research
should be conducted to assess the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome. nurse should take initiative to conduct research on opinion
of teachers regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. the study will motivate the
beginning researcher to conduct the same study with the different variable on a
large scale. the finding emphasises and extensive need to Assess the knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. The nurses could conduct research study
on polycystic ovary syndrome.
Recommendations
Keeping in view the findings of the study the following recommendations
are made.
1.
A similar study may be conducted on a large
sample for wider generalization
2.
A similar study may be conducted to assess the
attitude and practices of adolescent girls regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome.
3.
A comparative study can be undertaken to
assess the knowledge adolescents’ girls
4.
Through the booklets provide knowledge
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescents’ girls
Limitations
The present study has the following limitations:
1.
the study was conducted only on adolescents’
girls.
2.
The study was limited to assess the knowledge
of adolescent’s girls regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome
3.
Since the sample was only 30, the findings can
be generalized to all adolescents. Knowledge of adolescent’s girls was assessed
using structured questionnaire only. Other methods like observation and booklet
The study is limited
Bibliography
·
Polycystic
ovarian syndrome definition available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439
·
Polycystic
ovarian syndrome definition available at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29569621/
·
Causes
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8316-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos
·
Causes
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.healthline.com/health/polycystic-ovary-disease
·
Risk
factor of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.everydayhealth.com/pcos/causes-risk-factors/
·
Risk
factor of poly cystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/articles/JGRO-6-174.php
·
Sign
and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos
·
Sign
and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.webmd.com/women/symptoms-of-pcos
·
Diagnosis
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353443
·
Diagnosis
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/pcos/how-is-pcos-diagnosed
·
Prevention
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-pcos-be-prevented-4690740
·
Prevention
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9856415/
·
Treatment
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://patient.info/womens-health/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-leaflet
·
Treatment
of polycystic ovarian syndrome available at
https://www.nightingales.in/blog/womens-health/pcod-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/#:~:text=High%20protein%20and%20high%20fibre,hormones%20to%20correct%20menstrual%20cycles.
